Density and classification of the rainfall network and spatiotemporal analysis of rain in the upper Parana river region, Brazil

ABSTRACT Water management aims to ensure the water availability necessary meet current and future demand for resources. For which it is essential implement monitoring networks that support investigation of events interfere with rainfall regime watersheds, such phases ocean-atmospheric phenomenon El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The classification network was proposed according World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 14 watersheds in Upper Parana River (UPR) region, Brazil. On other hand, spatial temporal variability annual analyzed using geostatistical techniques confronted ENSO data. To this purpose, data from 408 stations were collected via Hidroweb portal, period 1990 2020. low representativeness region verified observational network. areas lowest highest reduction north northwest regions UPR, surrounding Paraná River, respectively. years 2019 2020 identified as most critical last 3 decades below-average (-13.21%) 49.55% studied area, indicating a persistence drought scenario.